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Background and aims  – A preliminary review of hawkmoth-pollinated angraecoids from Africa unveiled a remarkable case of parallel evolution of extreme column exsertion between the two species formerly classified in in the defunct genus    Barombia   . These belong to one clade of    Aerangis   , including    A.   gracillima    and    A.   stelligera   , and   Ypsilopus   sect.   Barombiella  , including    Y.   amaniensis    and    Y.   schliebenii   . The exploration of the geographical distribution of these two clades, followed by an examination of morphological variation within   Y.   sect.   Barombiella  , revealed that the disjunct population identified as    Y.   amaniensis    from Zimbabwe represents an undescribed species.Material and methods  – Occurrence records of    Ypsilopus   amaniensis   ,    Y.   schliebenii   ,    Aerangis   gracillima   , and    A.   stelligera    were comprehensively mapped and distribution patterns were visually analysed. Pollination syndromes and pollinaria attachment sites were inferred based on a review of floral and hawkmoth morphology. Standard herbarium practices and mining of photographs of wild and cultivated plants in social media allowed the description of the novelty.Key results  –    Ypsilopus   zimbabweensis    sp. nov. (  Y.   sect.   Barombiella  ) is a narrow endemic of significant horticultural interest and it is preliminarily assessed as Endangered. The evolution of a    Barombia   -type column presents a parallel geographical pattern in the    Aerangis   gracillima   –   A.   stelligera    clade and   Ypsilopus   sect.   Barombiella   and probably induced a shift of pollen placement sites in these sphingophilous species.

plant ecology and evolution

A new    Ypsilopus    (  Orchidaceae  ,   Angraecinae  ) from Zimbabwe and notes on the parallel evolution of extreme column exsertion in African angraecoids