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Background and aims  – Within angiosperms, vivipary has been reported in less than 0.1% of all species. We herein report the first occurrence of vivipary in an Afrotropical   Melastomataceae   and discuss its phylogenetic position, habit, habitat, and fruit attributes.Material and methods  – Observational data were gathered from a field expedition to Gabon, and from herbarium specimens from BR, BRLU, P, and WAG. A phylogeny was generated to map all the eight species exhibiting vivipary in   Melastomataceae  .Key results  –    Amphiblemma   ciliatum    is currently the only known melastome species in the Afrotropics exhibiting vivipary. It is likely that its angular capsules depend on rainwater for seed dispersal.Conclusion  – The combination of a herbaceous habit and angular fruits with the occurrence on shaded humid tropical rainforest floor during periods of incessant rainfall and high humidity might be responsible for vivipary in most   Melastomataceae  .

Vivipary, a rare phenomenon in Afrotropical Melastomataceae : first report in Amphiblemma ciliatum ( Sonerileae )