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Background and aims  – Pollen grain morphology is an important morphological character for aiding the systematics of flowering plants. For   Malpighiaceae  , only a single unpublished palynological study has comprehensively sampled ca 60 of this family’s 75 currently accepted genera. To test the systematic relevance of pollen morphology in    Amorimia    and allies, we characterised the pollen morphology of these lineages. We scored, coded, and mapped 12 characters onto the most recent molecular phylogeny of    Amorimia    and allies.Material and methods  – We sampled 13 species of    Amorimia    as ingroup and two species of    Mascagnia    and    Ectopopterys   soejartoi    as outgroup. Pollen grains were acetolised, characterised, and measured using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen quantitative measurements were submitted to a  PCA  multivariate analysis. Additionally, quantitative and qualitative characters were scored and coded into 12 characters and mapped onto the molecular phylogeny of    Amorimia    and allies.Key results  –    Amorimia    and allies are stenopalynous due to all species showing the same pollen type, with some subtle differences between the pollen grains, such as details of ornamentation, shape, size, and thickness of the pollen exine. However, the patterns of pollen grain evolution showed that few qualitative and apomorphic characters are informative for intrageneric distinction (i.e. type and number of apertures), and almost all quantitative and homoplastic characters analysed were informative at infrageneric levels within   Malpighiaceae  .Conclusion  – Our results demonstrate that even though the pollen morphology characters of    Amorimia    and allies show subtle variation, both qualitative and quantitative apomorphic and/or homoplastic characters are highly informative for intra- and infrageneric levels in   Malpighiaceae   when analysed in a phylogenetic context.

plant ecology and evolution

Evolution of pollen grain morphology in    Amorimia    and allies evidences the importance of palynological apomorphies and homoplasies in   Malpighiaceae   systematics