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Background and aims  –    Cordobia   ,    Gallardoa   ,    Mionandra   , and    Peixotoa    (Stigmaphylloid clade,   Malpighiaceae  ) are four small, closely related genera comprising shrubs or lianas endemic to South American savannas, dry forests, and temperate steppes. Their generic limits have significantly changed in the last century, and past molecular phylogenetic studies of   Malpighiaceae   have not tested the morphological characters of this group to identify synapomorphies supporting these clades/genera.Material and methods  – We sampled the monospecific    Cordobia    and    Gallardoa   , one species of    Mionandra    (out of 2 spp.), nine species of    Peixotoa    (out of 29 spp.), and a single species of    Camarea    and    Janusia    as outgroups. Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses were carried out for this clade based on five molecular markers (i.e. ETS, ITS, PHYC,  matK , and  ndhF ). A set of 16 macromorphological characters was scored and coded for identifying synapomorphies under the Maximum Likelihood criteria.Key results  – Our molecular phylogeny recovered    Peixotoa    as monophyletic and sister to the clade comprising    Cordobia    +    Gallardoa    +    Mionandra   , strongly corroborating previous phylogenetic studies of   Malpighiaceae  . The character-mapping analyses recovered two synapomorphies supporting the    Cordobia    +    Gallardoa    +    Mionandra    +    Peixotoa    clade, six supporting    Mionandra    s.l. (i.e.    Cordobia    +    Gallardoa    +    Mionandra   ), and five supporting    Peixotoa   .    Cordobia    and    Gallardoa    are proposed as synonyms of    Mionandra   , alongside the necessary combinations, typifications, and identification keys.Conclusions  – Morphological characters related to the degree of connation of the stipules, leaf indumentum type, petiole length, inflorescence architecture, number of flowers per inflorescence, presence of a peduncle in the 1-flowered cincinni, sepal connation, posture and texture, petal width and margin integrity, staminode presence, shape and size, and the shape of the apex of styles were key in circumscribing these lineages.    Mionandra    s.l. is proposed and characterised, including a new combination, an identification key to distinguish its species, a distribution map, and taxonomy notes.

Molecular phylogeny and character-mapping support the synonymy of Cordobia and Gallardoa in Mionandra ( Malpighiaceae )