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Xylem hydraulic properties of agricultural crop species can be linked to their region of origin, but because crop systems are often irrigated to reach optimum quality and yield, key differences in drought resistance are not often considered. We investigated how hydraulic conductivity and xylem vulnerability to drought-induced cavitation of two grapevine cultivars correspond to their centers of domestication with u0027Merlotu0027 (Vitis vinifera subspecies occidentalis) having been domesticated in a temperate forest region, and u0027Thompson Seedlessu0027 (Vitis vinifera subspecies orientalis) domesticated in a semi-arid region. We used anatomical measurements and xylem vulnerability curves to evaluate hydraulic traits and drought resistance. Our results showed that u0027Thompson Seedlessu0027 was significantly more vulnerable to drought-induced cavitation than u0027Merlotu0027. Bench dehydration produced significantly different estimations of xylem vulnerability to cavitation in each cultivar. This result was consistent with anatomical measurement, with u0027Thompson Seedlessu0027 stems having greater maximum stem-specific hydraulic conductivity, more vessels, higher vessel density and a greater lumen fraction than u0027Merlotu0027. The relatively large amount of xylem vessels and lumen area in u0027Thompson Seedlessu0027 is consistent with domestication in a semi-arid habitat where a greater number and size diversity of xylem vessels would be needed to transport water and meet evaporative demand as opposed to cultivars that were domesticated in temperate forest regions like u0027Merlotu0027. These differences appear to expose u0027Thompson Seedlessu0027 to high xylem vulnerability to cavitation.

Contrasting adaptation of xylem to dehydration in two Vitis vinifera L. sub-species