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Six populations of Fomitiporia punctata (Fr.) Murrill were sampled in France and Italy from vines showing symptoms of esca syndrome. Genetic variation within and among populations was studied by using 34 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. All the 192 isolates analyzed were distinguished, and the haplotypic diversity was similar in each population. The hypothesis that markers were randomly associated was not rejected for 5 populations and for the total sample. Comparison of marker frequency showed significant differences among populations for only 4 markers, indicating a low level of genetic differentiation. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) confirmed that most of the variance in RAPD banding patterns was present within populations (98.5 %). These data strongly suggest that the fungus spreads by means of airborne basidiospores and regularly outcrosses in nature. The prospected regions seem to form an epidemiological unit with a panmictic population of F. punctata. However, a very low but significant differentiation was detected between the populations in western France and those in Mediterranean locations.

Genetic structure in populations of the fungus Fomitiporia punctata associated with the esca syndrome in grapevine.