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ii Acknowledgements  iii Dedication  iv List of Tables  vii List of Figures and Illustrations  ix List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature  xii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Objectives5 1.2 Thesis Structure 7 Chapter 2: Literature Review 8 2.1 Chemistry of Crude Oil 8 2.2 Crude Oil Characterization for Phase Behavior Modeling 13 2.2.1 Distillation 13 2.2.2 Gas Chromatography 15 2.2.3 Oil Characterization Based on Distillation Assays 16 2.3 Bitumen/n-Alkane Phase Behavior 16 2.3.1 Bitumen/n-Alkane Phase Regions 16 2.3.2 Asphaltene-Rich Phase Morphology and Glass Transition 21 2.4 Models for Bitumen/Solvent Phase Behavior 23 2.4.1 Asphaltene Phase Behavior Models 23 2.4.2 Equation of State Phase Behavior Models 26 Chapter 3: Experimental Methods 32 3.1 Chemical and Materials 33 3.2 Vapor-Liquid Boundary: Saturation Pressure Measurements 34 3.2.1 Apparatus 35 3.2.2 Procedure 35 3.3 Liquid-Liquid Boundary: Onset Measurements 37 3.3.1 Apparatus 37 3.3.2 Procedure 39 3.4 Blind Cell Yield Measurements 40 3.4.1 Apparatus 41 3.4.2 Procedure 41 3.4.3 Mass Balance Calculation43 3.5 PVT Cell Phase Composition and Yield Measurement 44 3.5.1 Apparatus 44 3.5.2 Procedure 45 Chapter 4: Phase Behavior Modeling 48 4.1 Cubic Equation of State Model 48 4.1.1 Mixing Rules 49 4.2 Modeling Workflow 50 4.3 Bitumen Characterization 51

The Phase Behavior of Heavy Oil and Propane Mixtures