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Pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia has not been well-established and it's treatment is frequently not satisfactory. Recently Saito et al1 suggested that dysfunctional gastric emptying could be induced by down-regulation of muscle-specific mircoRNAs (miRNAs) in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-infected mice (C57BL/6) for 40 weeks. They demonstrated that miRNAs, which are associated with myogenic regulation such as miR-1 and miR-133, were significantly down-regulated, and histone deacetylase 4 and serum response factor, which are reported to be target genes of miRNAs, were increased in the muscular layers of stomach in the H. pylori-infected mice. Muscular hypertrophy was observed as a result of this effect on posttranscriptional level induced by H. pylori infection, and gastric emptying was accelerated in H. pylori-infected mice. In addition, down-regulation of miR-1, miR-133a and miR-133b and increased cell proliferation were observed in C2C12 mouse myoblast cells after coculture with H. pylori.1 Furthermore, miR-1 and miR-133 were also significantly decreased in patients with H. pylori infection.1  The authors concluded that chronic infection with H. pylori down-regulated the expression of muscle-specific miRNAs and up-regulated expression of histone deacetylase 4 and serum response factor. These changes might cause hyperplasia in the muscular layer of the stomach and dysfunction in gastric emptying.

Could Down-Regulation of Muscle-Specific MircoRNAs Provoke Functional Dyspepsia in -Infected Stomach? (Gastroenterology 2011;140:189-198)