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In general, the geometric approach based on the criterion matrix has focused on the optimal network design. At the scale of the local area, however, the topographic undulations should be considered for ground applications, such as geoid determination. Since the multi-purpose unified control points (UCPs) are planned for providing gravimetric information as well as the three-dimensional positions, the effect of high-frequency signals from topography need to be considered in the network optimization process. In this study, an optimization procedure incorporating the geometric and topographic configuration is presented. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) that represents terrain information is combined with the second-order design algorithm with Taylor-Karman structure. The smoothed DEM data are removed from the original dataset, resulting in high-frequency data only; the root mean squares of the residuals are computed to create the weight matrix. As a result, the directional pattern is clearly seen in the weight matrix, and the final location of the network shows the north-south directional properties. Once the network selection process is complete, the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) is created to examine the distribution of the baselines. The statistics on the MST were used for the criterion of optimal network validation.

Topographic optimal network design of the unified control points in Korea