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lized at a lower level and the need for bioenergy decreased. Now, many years later, the use of renewable energy is now being universally proposed as a countermeasure to global warming. Biomass as an alternative to fossil fuels is an environmentally friendly source of energy and is composed of organic materials, often generated as waste by-products. It is attracting widespread attention for its potential as an ideal primary energy resource in a sustainable society. Japan is currently promoting the use of bioenergy. In 2001, the government officially defined biomass as one of the new energy resources in the “Law Concerning Special Measures for Promotion of the Use of New Energy.” The targets, based on the premise of maximum efforts from the government and the public in the fiscal year 2010, are 340,000 m3 crude oil equivalent with biomass power generation, corresponding to 330 MW capacity of electrical power generation, and 670,000 m3 crude oil equivalent with thermal utilization of biomass (Yokoyama 2002). Thus, the utilization of bioenergy is once again becoming an important political and sciAbstract The aim of this study was to assess and discuss various aspects related to the feasibility of a harvesting, transporting, and chipping system for processing forest biomass resources in Japan. Within this framework, the author first comprehensively discussed the visions for introducing and diffusing woody bioenergy utilization in terms of the quantification of available woody biomass resources for energy, the development of low-cost harvesting and transporting systems, and the conversion processes. Second, a harvesting, transporting, and chipping system for logging residues was constructed, and the feasibility of the system was examined from the points of view of cost, energy balance, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on the basis of field experiments at forestry operation sites. Third, the feasibility of the energy utilization of forest biomass resources in a mountainous region was assessed by analyzing the relationship between the mass and the procurement cost of forest biomass in the region with the aid of a geographic information system (GIS). The conclusions derived from this study will contribute to the practical implementation of the harvesting, transporting, and chipping system for forest biomass resources and to the realization of utilizing forest biomass for energy production in Japan. Study on the Feasibility of a Harvesting, Transporting, and Chipping System for Forest Biomass Resources in Japan