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The Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VDEQ), in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), currently operates a network of 325 active observation wells throughout the state, the majority of which are located in Virginia’s Coastal Plain Groundwater Management Area (Figure 1). Construction details for most of the state observation wells in the Coastal Plain are relatively well known as they were Abstract Geophysical borehole logging and zone-isolation packer testing at adjacent State Observation Wells (SOWs) in Augusta County, Virginia, indicate the presence of shallow and deep horizontal karst conduits that are hydraulically connected by a highly transmissive, vertical fracture network. Despite the presence of a downward open-hole hydraulic gradient, ambientand pumping-induced water level responses were identical during zone isolation tests in two conduit zones measured in SOW 70 and one conduit zone measured in an adjacent observation well (SOW 70A). Identical hydraulic responses between all 3 monitoring points is interpreted to be the result of a solution-enlarged, vertically oriented fracture network that is capable of muting measurable head differences during zone isolation tests. Results from multiple open-hole flow logging tests within SOW 70 have also shown distinct variations in vertical flow that correspond with seasonal groundwater recharge. The occurrence of these vertically oriented, highly transmissive fracture sets is thought to be coincident with folding within the Staunton-Pulaski thrust sheet, and could be an important mechanism for the vertical integration of distinct hydrologic features in similar structural settings. The series of tests on SOW 70 and SOW 70A has resulted in a better practical and conceptual understanding of the monitored karst aquifer near Staunton and demonstrates the utility in collecting multiple types of borehole geophysical data during different times of the year on karst wells.

Packer Testing and Borehole Geophysical Characterization of Observation Wells in a Vertically Integrated Karst Aquifer in Augusta County, Virginia