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Over the past 15 years several expeditions by French, American and especially Italian cavers\udhave unveiled over 50 caves in the Cordillera de la Sal (Atacama Desert, Northern Chile).\udMany of these caves contain a variety of speleothems and minerals, some of which have\udrarely been observed within karst systems. Most of the secondary deposits in these caves are\udcomposed of halite, but also other halide, carbonate, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate\udminerals have been found. Among the sixteen cave mineral species recognized, atacamite,\uddarapskite, blödite, leonite, anhydrite, and especially antarcticite are worth mentioning. In one\udof the samples an unknown Ca-Sr-bearing chloride mineral has also been discovered, but it\udhas not been possible to carry out detailed mineralogical analyses. These often-rare minerals\udhave formed in this region due to the very extreme hyperarid and salt-rich environment. This\udresearch reports the mineralogical results and proposes the genetical mechanisms leading to\udthe formation of antarcticite, powdery anhydrite, and the paragenesis of the halite-darapskiteblödite.\udThis study also shows that Atacama caves may be excellent analogues to study\udweathering processes and subsurface secondary minerals in hyperarid and hypersaline\udenvironments on Mars

international journal of speleology

Secondary minerals from salt caves in the Atacama Desert (Chile): a hyperarid and hypersaline environment with potential analogies to the Martian subsurface