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During the last hundred years it was assumed that neurogenesis process was limited to the development of the central nervous system. Nevertheless, currently it is widely accepted that neurogenesis also occurs in periods of adult life and observed in various brain regions. Recent evidence shows that neurogenesis can be increased by exercise. The mechanisms and maturation times of this increase are not entirely clear, for this reason the present review involve an update in the knowledge of neurogenesis induced by physical exercise, covering mediating mechanisms and their maturation process. In recent years it has been proposed various molecules that could mediate the effect of physical exercise on adult neurogenesis, the most studied BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) both molecules have been observed to increase in response to exercise, and correlating with increased cell proliferation in the dentate gyru. Regarding to the maturation periods it has been observed in different species that they fluctuate in a range between 30 and 23 weeks, however, there is a limited data reporting the dynamics of maturation in humans. Consequently, neurogenesis represents a natural model for the understanding of how to regenerate and incorporate new neurons in brain circuits, which represents a potential therapeutic delay and repair of brain damage caused by injury or disease.

EJERCICIO FÍSICO: SU ROL EN LA NEUROGÉNESIS INDUCIDA POR BDNF Y VEGF