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東北地方太平洋沖地震にともなう津波により,三陸海岸の海に面する谷では,海岸内陸まで土壌や岩盤の侵食が及んだ地点 があった.約 40 mの最大津波遡上高が観察された岩手県宮古市重茂姉吉地区の谷はその典型例であり,津波により植生や土 壌が一掃された上,谷壁斜面の下部には侵食を受けた岩盤が露出していた.その詳細な地形的特徴は地上レーザ測量により調 査された(早川ほか,2015). Tsunami waves generated by the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake invaded valleys along the Sanriku ria-type coast. Erosion of soil and bedrock expanded inland at some locations. The valley at Aneyoshi on the Omoe Peninsula (south of Miyako, Iwate Prefecture) is a typical case in which the maximum tsunami run-up height of 40 m was observed. Vegetation and soil in the valley were completely removed by the tsunami waves, and even bedrock shows a fresh, eroded surface along valley-side slopes. Detailed morphological characteristics were investigated using terrestrial laser scanning (Hayakawa et al., 2015). Photos were taken by Y.S.H. (Figs. 1 and 2) and T.O. (Fig. 3) in Nov. 2011.

chigaku zasshi/chigaku zasshi

Pictorial 2: Laser Scanning Survey Reveals the Characteristics of Erosional Landforms Created by Tsunami Waves in the Valley at Aneyoshi along the Sanriku Coast