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Background Previous studies have demonstrated efficacy and safety of oral alitretinoin in hand eczema (HE) whereas in palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP), which can be difficult to distinguish from HE, efficacy of alitretinoin is still controversial. Objective This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of oral alitretinoin in HE and PPP and factors that affect the response of these disorders to alitretinoin. Methods We retrospectively analyzed Korean adult patients with moderate-to-severe HE and PPP treated with oral alitretinoin, 46 patients for efficacy assessment and 55 patients for safety assessment. Results Among 46 patients who were treated with alitretinoin for at least 1 month, 29 patients (61.1% in HE and 40.0% in PPP) showed response to alitretinoin in the median 14 weeks after treatment. Hyperkeratotic HE showed higher response rate than either vesicular HE or PPP (p=0.026 and p=0.026, respectively). However, PPP with hyperkeratotic features showed as much response as hyperkeratotic HE (p=0.554). When responders and non-responders in total patients were compared, morphology, not diagnosis or initial severity, was the only significantly different factor between the two groups. After alitretinoin discontinuation in responders, relapse rate was 63.6% (7/11) and median time to relapse was 150 days (range, 76~730 days). Adverse events occurred in 47.3% (26/55); however, there were no serious adverse events. Conclusion In HE or PPP, lesions with hyperkeratotic morphology can be predicted to respond well to alitretinoin regardless of diagnosis.

Efficacy and Safety of Oral Alitretinoin in Hand Eczema and Palmoplantar Pustulosis in Korean Patients