English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

The Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, particularly characterized by a compromise of the axial skeleton. The conventional therapy includes the use of non-hormonal anti-inflammatory and Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). The use of immunobiological agents, such as anti-TNF, has been considered an excellent therapeutical option in more serious and refractory cases. However, previous studies demonstrated an increased risk of infections after the treatment is completed. Oral reservoirs of opportunist microorganisms can cause systemic infections, once that the oral cavity represents a door of entrance for pathogens, especially in immunocompromised patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Candida spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. in the oral cavity of patients with AS treated with anti-TNF in comparison to healthy individuals. The following groups were included in the study: anti-TNF group (35 AS patients, aged between 17 and 63 years and under anti-TNF therapy); Conventional group (35 AS patients aged between 21 and 74 years under non-immunobiological conventional treatment); and respective Control groups (composed by healthy individuals paired in age, gender and oral conditions with AS groups). After clinical examination and anamnesis, oral rinses of each individual was collected. The rinses were plated in specific culture media for each microorganism. The number of colony-forming units per milliters (CFU/mL) was obtained. Isolates were identified by API system. Next, sensitivity tests to antifungicals agents were done for yeasts isolates and antibiotics for bacterial isolates. For Staphylococcus spp., the CFU counts for the anti-TNF group and Conventional group was statistically higher than the respective control groups (test of Mann-Whitney, both p<0,0001). No statistical difference of CFU/mL was observed for Candida spp. and Enterobacteriaceae/Pseudomonas spp. Candida albicans and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the most frequent species observed in all the groups. Serratia marcescens was the most predominant enterobacteria in anti-TNF group and Klebisiella oxytoca were the most commom in the Convencional group. For the susceptibility test to antifungical agents all the evaluated isolates were sensible to ketoconazole and to fluconazole. For amphotericin B, two yeasts isolates from anti-TNF group (2.8%) were classified as resistant. For 5-fluorocytosine five (10.8%) isolates from the Conventional group and three (6%) from the control/ anti-TNF group were classified as intermediate. A high percentage of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae isolates were resistant to the tested antibiotics. However, for ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin many isolates were susceptible. A low percentage of Staphylococcus spp. isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline and tetracycline. The high number of Staphylococcus spp. observed in the anti-TNF and Conventional groups can suggest an increased risk of opportunistic infection in AS patients.

Prevalência e sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos de microrganismos potencialmente superinfectantes na cavidade bucal de pacientes com espondilite anquilosante em uso de terapia anti TNF