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A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of autonomous nodes thatcommunicate with each other by forming a multi-hop radio network andmaintaining connections in a decentralized manner. Security remains a majorchallenge for these networks due to their features of open medium, dynamicallychanging topologies, reliance on cooperative algorithms, absence of centralizedmonitoring points, and lack of clear lines of defense. Protecting the networklayer of a MANET from malicious attacks is an important and challengingsecurity issue, since most of the routing protocols for MANETs are vulnerableto various types of attacks. Ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing (AODV) isa very popular routing algorithm. However, it is vulnerable to the well-knownblack hole attack, where a malicious node falsely advertises good paths to adestination node during the route discovery process but drops all packets inthe data forwarding phase. This attack becomes more severe when a group ofmalicious nodes cooperate each other. The proposed mechanism does not apply anycryptographic primitives on the routing messages. Instead, it protects thenetwork by detecting and reacting to malicious activities of the nodes.Simulation results show that the scheme has a significantly high detection ratewith moderate network traffic overhead and computation overhead in the nodes.

Detection of Cooperative Black Hole Attack in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks