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We describe herein a three-dimensionally diverse micropatterning of poly(lactic acid), as a biopolymer, using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquids (bmim-based RTILs), [bmim]X (X = SbF6, PF6, NTf2, Cl). Utilizing the hydrophobic bmim-based RTILs, [bmim]X (X = SbF6, PF6, NTf2) and a phase separation technique, we were able to produce white and opaque membranes with a three-dimensional structure closely packed with particles (10-50 µm in diameter). The particlulate structure, made by the assistance of [bmim]NTf2 and DCM, interestingly transformed to a fibrous structure by using a cosolvent, e.g., DCM/CF3CH2OH. When we used an increased amount of [bmim]NTf2, the particles were effectively detached and macrosized (100-500 µm in diameter) and the oval-shaped beads were obtained in a powder form. By varying the counter-anion type of the imidazolium-based RTIL, for example from NTf2  to Cl  , the particulate 3D-morphology was once more transformed to a porous structure. These reserch results could be potentially useful, as a method to fabricate particulate scaffolds, fibrous or porous scaffolds, and beads as a biopolymer device in diverse fields including drug delivery, tissue regeneration, and biomedical engineering.

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3D Micromorphology Producing within Poly(lactic acid) Skeleton Using Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids: From Particulate, Fibrous or Porous Scaffolds to Beads