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1H-NMR and elemental analysis. Its binding mode toward DNA was compared with the well-known [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 (bpy:2,2bipyridyl), using isotropic absorption, linear dichroism(LD) spectroscopy, and an energy minimization study. Compared to [Ru (bpy)3] 2+ , the [Ru(tpy)2] 2+ complex exhibited very little change in its absorption pattern, especially in the MLCT band, upon binding to DNA. Furthermore, upon DNA binding, both Ru(II) complexes induced a decrease in the LD magnitude in the DNA absorption region. The [Ru(tpy)2] 2+ complex produced a strong positive LD signal in the ligand absorption region, which is in contrast with the [Ru(bpy)3] 2+ complex. Observed spectral properties led to the conclusion that the interaction between the ligands and DNA bases is negligible for the [Ru(tpy)2] 2+ complex, although it formed an adduct with DNA. This conclusion implies that both complexes bind to the surface of DNA, most likely to negatively charged phosphate groups via a simple electrostatic interaction, thereby orienting to exhibit the LD signal. The energy minimization calculation also supported this conclusion.

Comparison of the Binding Modes of [Ru(2,2'-bipyridine)3]2+

Comparison of the Binding Modes of [Ru(2,2'-bipyridine)₃]2+