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A series of dimethine cyanine dyes were synthesized in a fast, efficient and high yield by the condensation of quaternary salts with lH-indole-3-carbaldehyde in the presence of piperidine under solvent-free microwave irradiation. The products were identified by 1 H NMR, IR, UV-Vis spectra and elemental analysis. The absorption and fluorescence properties of these dyes were investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Calculations performed at a combination of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and the polarizable continuum model (PCM) reproduced the π-π type absorption bands of the dyes. Regression analysis was used for studying theoretical results of the absorption maxima in different solvents. Compared with experimental counterparts, estimated overall uncertainties in the absorption maxima were about ±2%.

Microwave-assisted Solvent-free Synthesis of Some Dimethine Cyanine Dyes, Spectral Properties and TD-DFT/PCM Calculations