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Chang Jae LeeDepartment of Chemistry, Sunmoon University, Asan 336-840, KoreaReceived January 24, 2003The light pressure force from an optical standing wave (SW) can focus an atomic beam to submicrometerdimensions. To make the best of this technique it is necessary to find a set of optimal experimental parameters.In this paper we consider theoretically the chromium atoms focusing and demonstrate that the focusingperformance depends not only on the strength of but also on the time atoms take to traverse the force field. Thegeneral conclusions drawn can easily be applied to other atoms. To analyze the problem we numericallyintegrate a coupled time-dependent Schrodinger equation over a wide range of experimental parameters. It isfound that an optimal atomic beam speed-laser intensity pair does exist, which could give substantiallyimproved focusing over the one with the experimental parameters given in the literature. It is also shown thatthe widely used classical particle optics approach can lead to erroneous predictions.Key Words : Atom lithography, Nanofabrication, Atom manipulation, Atom-laser interactionIntroductionThe development of fabrication techniques of artificiallygenerated nanostructures holds a great promise for the next-generation technology. At present, there exits a variety oftechniques for nanostructure fabrication. These techniquesinclude molecular-beam epitaxy and electron-beam andoptical lithography. These conventional lithography techniquesremove atoms from a substrate, thus being “invasive”techniques. In the last decade the focusing of neutral atomsby use of near-resonant light fields has been the subject ofintense research activities. This has been driven to a largeextent by the possibility of generating focal spots on thenanometer scale by use of specially configured laserintensity profiles. The high-resolution focusing of atomicbeams followed by noninvasive deposition of these atomsonto a substrate has emerged as a promising nanofabricationtechnique,

Simulation of Atom Focusing for Nanostructure Fabrication