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Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate effects of somatic embryos (SEs) induction with different kinds and concentrations of osmoticum, with gelrite and SEs germina-tion with different abscisic acid (ABA) and embryogenic tissue lines (ETLs) in Japanese red pine ( Pinus densiflora ). In comparison of somatic embryos induction with different kinds and concentrations of osmoticum, the highest record (45/90 mg FW) was obtained from the treatment of 0.1 M maltose+3.75% PEG 4000. In addition, the higher one was also recorded from 0.2 M maltose (41 SEs), it turned out this treatment was also effective in induction of SEs with previous one. In effects of various gelrite concentrations for SEs production, no SEs were occurred in the treatment of 0.4 or 0.6% gelrite, however, the highest no. of SEs shown in 1.0% gellrite (41 SEs), and some comparable results were also marked with 0.8 (37.3 SEs) or 1.2% (39.7 SEs) gelrite. Therefore, SEs can be produced from above 0.8% concen-tration of gelrite. Finally, in comparison of SEs germination with different concentrations of ABA, ETLs, and AC, the best germination rates (45%) were obtained from the SEs derived from both concentrations of 150 and 200 μM ABA in 06-6 ETL and when cultured on germination supplemented with 0.2% AC. When SEs were cultured on germination medium without AC, best germination rate (28.9%) came from the SEs which cultured on 250 μM ABA in 06-6 ETL

Effects of ABA, osmoticum and embryogenic tissue lines for somatic embryo induction and germination in Pinus densiflora