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Malaria remains a major world health problem even today. Despite the advent of various new control measures and diagnostic methodologies, there has been only 18% decline in the number of malaria cases and nearly 50% decline in the mortality rate due to malaria. According to a study conducted globally, the death toll remained very high between the years 2000 and 2015. Hence, malaria remained a major assassin of children, especially, in the area of Sub-Saharan Africa, where a child dies every 2 minutes due to malaria.1 Malaria is an infective disease resulting from infection of parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax cause the major human malaria. Out of these, P. falciparum has been the more virulent one. Malaria is one of the important causes of anemia. However, malaria as the cause of anemia has been incompletely understood and anemia resulting from malaria has been a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.2-5 It has been observed that P. falciparum and P. vivax induce anemia during the erythrocytic stages of malarial infection. Anemia caused due to malaria seems to be a multifactorial disease and, for this reason, the etiological basis for it has also been incompletely defined. Etiology for malarial anemia in malaria-endemic areas includes various overlapping features, such as lysis of infected or uninfected red blood cells (RBCs),6 splenic sequestration of RBCs,7 dyserythropoiesis and bone marrow suppression,8 infectious diseases, and the chronic transmission of malaria. Though the same features exist with P. vivax infection, this infection has been more difficult to eradicate in comparison with P. falciparum due to its particular biological characteristics.9-17

Malaria: A Cause of Anemia and Its Effect on Pregnancy