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Interappointment flare-up is the occurrence of severe pain, swelling, or both, following an endodontic treatment, which results in an unscheduled emergency visit of the patient. The frequency of flare-up ranges from 1.4 to 16%.1,2 Various intracanal medicaments are advocated to eliminate bacteria and prevent multiplication of bacteria between the appointments. Calcium hydroxide (CH) has been the most commonly used medicament and is considered to be the gold standard.3 Calcium hydroxide is believed to have many properties of an ideal intracanal medicament, mainly due to its alkaline pH. However, CH cannot be considered as a universal intracanal medicament, as it is not equally effective against all bacteria found in the root canal. Chlorhexidine (CHX) has been widely used in periodontics. It has antimicrobial activity against Gramnegative and Gram-positive microorganisms. The CHX has been shown to be more effective in eliminating CHresistant microorganisms like Enterococcus faecalis inside dentinal tubules.4 So, a combination of the two medicaments has been used having synergistic effect. There has been an increasing concern regarding evaluation of effect of natural antioxidants in dentistry. Of the various antioxidants, lycopene is the one that could be used as an effective intracanal medicament. Lycopene is the red pigment of tomato, which has got various properties like antibacterial, antifungal, oxygen scavenger. Also, it is used as an adjunct to treatment of gingivitis along with oral prophylaxis.5 However, no study has been performed in vivo to evaluate antibacterial efficacy in terms of Interappointment flare-ups with lycopene antioxidant as an intracanal medicament. Hence, one of the groups in the present study is the combination of CH, CHX, and lycopene. ABSTRACT Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the most suitable intracanal medicament with the least incidence on Interappointment flare-up.

Comparative Evaluation of Mixture of Calcium Hydroxide and Chlorhexidine, with Triple Antibiotic Paste and Combination of Calcium Hydroxide, Chlorhexidine, and Lycopene on Incidence of Interappointment Flare-up: An in vivo Study