English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Diabetic retinopathy is a well-characterized, sightthreatening chronic microvascular complication that eventually afflicts all patients with DM.1 It remains the leading cause of mortality and disability in working adults with diabetes. However, this morbidity is largely preventable and treatable and if managed with timely intervention, the quality-of-life can be preserved.2-4 The DR has a significant impact on the world’s health system, resulting in blindness of over 10,000 individuals with diabetes per year. If prompt action is not taken, the number of people with DR will grow from 126.6 million in 2010 to 191.0 million by 2030, and it is estimated that the number with vision-threatening DR (VTDR) will increase from 37.3 million to 56.3 million.5 The major predictor associated with the development of DR is the duration of the disease and chronic hyperglycemia. However, some patients do not develop DR even with poor glycemic control and long duration of diabetes, whereas others with tight glycemic control and short duration of diabetes have progressed to DR.6 Dyslipidemia is one of the major biochemical changes observed in DM. Studies to examine the relationship of DR with traditional lipids have produced conflicting results.7 Elevated lipid levels lead to endothelial dysfunction via a local inflammatory response with release of cytokines and growth factors, activation of oxygen-sensitive biological changes in vessel walls, with consequent increase in LDL oxidation and quenching of nitric oxide. Currently, there has been an interest in relationship of Apo A-I and Apo B with DR. Few studies have shown association of apolipoproteins and DR.3,6 Apolipoprotein A-I is the major antiatherogenic apolipoprotein present in HDL cholesterol, which plays an important role in HDL metabolism. Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase enzyme present in HDL is activated by Apo A-I, which catalyzes the reaction forming cholesterol esters (CEs). This CE-rich HDL clears the cholesterol from peripheral tissue and transports it to liver (reverse cholesterol transport).8 Apolipoprotein B is a major apolipoprotein of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and LDL, the atherogenic lipoproteins. It helps in solubilizing the cholesterol within the LDL complex, which, in turn, increases the transport capacity of LDL for subsequent deposition of cholesterol 1,4,5Assistant Professor, 2Professor and Head, 3Associate Professor 1-5Department of Biochemistry, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, Karnataka, India

Apolipoprotein A-I and Apolipoprotein B: Better Indicators of Dyslipidemia in Diabetic Retinopathy Patients?