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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem. In 2012, an estimated 8.6 million people developed TB and 1.3 million died from the disease (including 320,000 deaths among HIV-positive people).1 The number of TB deaths is unacceptably large given that most are preventable. The increasing number (advent) of AIDS patients has made the disease a major public health and about 21% of the world’s TB-infected population is in India.2,3 Although the pulmonary system is the most common location for TB, extra pulmonary TB (EPTB) disease, resulting from spread of Myobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) from lungs to other tissues and organs through bloodstream, occurs in more than 20% of immunocompromised patients. In India and other developing countries, lymph node TB is among a major form of EPTB caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria species. A rapid and an early diagnosis of TB is thus an essential step to combat this disease. The conventional methods adopted for the diagnosis of TB include medical history, tuberculin skin test, chest x-rays, bacteriological examination by the acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and mycobacterial culture. Sputum smear microscopy with Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining is the most widely used rapid method in most laboratories for diagnosing TB under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program. The poor sensitivity of conventional smear microscopy and the delay in obtaining Mycobacterium culture results prevent the early diagnosis of TB. The difficulties of identifying mycobacteria in patient specimens emphasize the need for rapid and sensitive diagnostic methods for TB. Recently, molecular tests based on nucleic acid amplification (NAA) technologies, such as polymerase 1-8Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India Corresponding Author: Akila Prashant, Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India, Phone: +919008097970 e-mail: akila.prashant@gmail.com ABSTRACT

Evaluation of Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction targeting hsp65 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for the Detection of Organism in the Sputum Samples