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Studies in the past investigated the role played by minerals in the etiology and/or progression of periodontal disease for more than four decades. Various host defense factors are present in the saliva. It also influences calculus formation and thus periodontal disease. Recent studies have shown a significant relationship between dietary calcium, serum calcium, and periodontal disease. Smoking marks a major risk factor for both periodontal disease and several systemic diseases. So, the aim of the present study is to estimate salivary and serum calcium levels in smokers and nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis. Materials and methods: The study comprised 30 subjects, equally divided into three groups of clinically healthy periodontium, nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis, and smokers with chronic periodontitis. Clinical measurements, saliva, and blood samples were obtained. Biochemical analysis for the estimation of calcium was performed. Blood samples were collected through venipuncture method. Results: Comparison of mean serum calcium between the three groups by analysis of variance showed highly statistically significant difference (F = 23.92, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Smokers with periodontitis exhibited reduced levels of calcium as compared with nonsmokers with periodontitis and the differences were statistically significant.

Estimation of Salivary and Serum Calcium Levels in Smokers and Nonsmokers with Chronic Periodontitis