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The purpose of this study was to characterize gender differences in lower extremity kinematics during three different soccer kicking tasks. Materials and methods: Twelve male and 13 female collegiate soccer athletes participated in this study. Seven trials of three soccer kicking tasks were collected: Maximal instep kick, crossing kick, side-foot pass. The three-dimensional lower extremity joint angles at ball contact and at their peak during the swing phase were obtained during each task. Results: Instep kick: Males had significantly greater peak knee adduction (p = 0.042), and less peak knee internal rotation (p = 0.046) and peak hip extension (p = 0.033). Side-foot pass: At ball contact, males exhibited significantly greater knee flexion (p = 0.025), knee adduction (p = 0.003), knee external rotation (p = 0.003), and hip internal rotation (p = 0.036). Males exhibited significantly less peak knee extension (p < 0.001), peak knee internal rotation (p < 0.001), and peak hip external rotation (p = 0.05). Crossing kick: Males exhibited greater peak knee flexion (p = 0.05) and peak knee external rotation (p = 0.023), and less peak knee adduction (p = 0.027) and peak knee abduction (p = 0.005). Conclusion: More gender-specific kinematic differences in the execution of the kicking tasks examined here were observed during both the side-foot pass and crossing kick than during the instep kick. Further characterization of gender differences in kick performance will aid in the development and evaluation of performance enhancement training programs and potentially identify gender-specific injury mechanisms related to kicking mechanics.

Gender-specific Lower Extremity Kinematic Differences in Collegiate Soccer Athletes during Three Kicking Tasks