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Study Design: Retrospective analysis. Objective: To test the hypothesis that failed back surgery syn drome (FBSS) patients and nonsurgical back pain (NSBP) patients respond differently on psychological measures and differ in pain medication usage. Summary of background data: The study was part of an inter­ disciplinary outpatient functional restoration program. There were 121 participants—42 with FBSS and 79 with NSBP—who participated in a multidisciplinary pain evaluation. Methods: A chart review was performed and interventions were not applicable. The outcome measures for the study include: the beck depression inventory (BDI), pain disability index (PDI), state­trait anxiety inventory (STAI), multidimen­ sional pain inventory pain severity (MPI­PS) subscale and medi­cation­quantification­scale­III­(MQS-III). Results: Pearson’s correlation analyses of all patients com­ bined­(28­FBSS­and­39­NSBP)­revealed­significant­relationships­ bet­ween­MQS-III­and­BDI­(r­=­0.388,­p­<­0.01)­and­STAI­(r­=­0.323,­ p­<­0.05).­A­significant­correlation­was­found­between­MQS-III­ and­STAI­(r­=­0.536,­p­<­0.05)­among­the­NSBP­patients.­The­ MQS-III­was­significantly­correlated­with­BDI­(r­=­0.536,­p­<­0.05)­ and­MPI-PS­t-scores­(r­=­0.356,­p­<­0.05)­among­the­40­NSBP­ patients. Independent t­tests of mean BDI, PDI, STAI, MPI­PS, and­MQS-III­scores­revealed­no­significant­group­differences. Conclusion: Results suggest that while there is differing cor­ relation between FBSS and NSBP groups in pain medication use and psychometrics, the mean difference of quantity of pain medi cations used and scores on psychometric measure­ ments in these groups are not different. While presurgical psycho metrics and pain medication usage were not available for our FBSS patients, our results support that medication quanti­fication­with­psychological­prescreening­before­surgical­ CliniCal stuDy 1Clinical Associate, 2Associate Professor, 3Resident Physician 4Assistant Professor 1,3Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA 2,4Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA Corresponding Author: Michael A Gallizzi, Clinical Associate Department of Ortho paedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center,­Box­3000,­Durham,­NC­27710,­USA,­Phone:­919-660-8224­ e­mail: michaelgallizzi@gmail.com 10.5005/jp-journals-10017-1056 inter vention for back pain patients may help to limit the number of failed back surgeries. Thus, future research including pre­ and postsurgical psychological functioning, physical function­ ing, and pain medication usage is suggested.

Failed Back Surgery Syndrome and Back Pain Patients: Medications They use and How They relate to Their Emotional and Physical Functioning