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Background: Nanotechnology application has rapidly extended into all areas of life. It provides new methods to solve scientific and medical problems. Nanomaterials such as titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) has been used in biomedical applications. Biological influence of the nanoparticles appears to be as a result of the interactions between the nanoparticles and proteins. Salivary alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme that is linked to the outer membrane of some cells and formed by many others. ALP activity increase in periodontal diseases especially in the active phase of the disease. Aim: The aim is to determine the effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase in the saliva of patients suffering from chronic periodontitis. Materials and methods: The influence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the enzymatic activity of salivary alkaline phosphatase was examined in 75 participants (44 with chronic periodontitis and 31 nonperiodontitis subjects). The age range of the participants was 35–50 years for both groups. The periodontal disease was determined based on the criteria of periodontal health through examination of plaque and gingival indices together with clinical attachment level and probing pocket depth. Unstimulated saliva was collected from all participants and analyzed. Results: The results showed that salivary alkaline phosphatase activity was higher in chronic periodontitis patients compare to the nonperiodontitis group and the enzyme activity was found to be not correlated with the periodontal parameters. The enzyme was activated by titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Conclusion: The effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles may be attributed to the biological activity of this type of nanoparticles in addition to the conformational changes that can occur on the protein structure after interaction with NPs. Clinical significance: Recognition of the effect of some nanomaterials (such as titanium dioxide nanoparticles) on enzymes like alkaline phosphatase, may provide a potential therapeutic opportunity for some pathological conditions such as periodontal diseases. ORIGINAL RESEARCH 1,3Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Republic of Iraq 2Department of Basic Science, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Republic of Iraq Corresponding author: Mays A Talib, Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Republic of Iraq, Phone: 009647711284300, e-mail: maissala40 @gmail.com 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1593

Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Activity of Salivary Alkaline Phosphatase in Chronic Periodontitis Patients