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The housing problem was one of the fundamental concerns of the new State that emerged after the Civil War in Spain. The need to rebuild or renovate the housing stock of damaged towns and cities was added to the dwelling shortage that already existed during the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera and the Second Republic. Therefore, during the autarky years (1939-1959) the New State radicalized its interventionist policy in housing that had been previously initiated (SolàMorales, 1976, 20-22). It also incorporated a strategic intention, since giving access to the working class to decent housing would involve neutralizing one of their demands, contributing to the consolidation of peace and social stability (Lasso de la Vega, 2008, 44). Different official bodies were created to this end, formed mainly by a group of young architects who studied in the 1930s: The Directorate General for Devastated Regions (Dirección General de Regiones Devastadas, DGRD) was responsible for the reconstruction of housing, urban equipment, infrastructures and settlements, where the reestablishment of the residential fabric was an important work. The National Colonization Institute (Instituto Nacional de Colonización, INC) was at the forefront of the modernization of rural areas. The Unions Housing Project (Obra Sindical del Hogar, OSH) was responsible for implementing public social policy programs on housing (Sambricio Abstract. The housing problem was one of the fundamental concerns of the new State that emerged after the Civil War in Spain. Different official bodies were created to this end, facing the need for reconstruction of different cities and villages and the dwelling shortage. A series of residential projects of different nature were developed in towns and cities, modifying their urban configuration. The aim of this work is to study different public housing group projects carried out during the 1940s and 1950s in the city of Jaca (Aragon) by Lorenzo Monclús, Municipal Architect of the city, Regional Delegate of the National Housing Institute and Urban Planner. On the one hand, the study focuses on the theoretical models on which they are based, the building types, the architectural language, and the design of the urban space. On the other hand, on the adaptability of these models to the existing city structure and its planning: a 1917 Extension Project according to nineteenth century models, carried out after the demolition of the city walls, and revised on successive occasions during the studied period. This analysis of a local experience is part of a wider debate: that of the urban culture in Spain during the postwar period. Despite all the limitations, modern functionalist urbanism was assimilated through public housing projects and urban extensions with open edification in smaller settlements, with techniques akin to those used in larger cities throughout the country.

The role of residential fabric in the configuration of the city in Spain in the 1940s and 1950s. The case of Jaca