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The municipality of Marinilla has a wealth of natural, agricultural, forestry and heritage resources. It is located at 2120 meters above sea level, in the Santa Rita Valley of the geological formation called Valle de San Nicolás, and is part of the Negro River basin, source of the Guatapé dam, the largest in the country since it was built. The valley of San Nicolás had an accelerated process of occupation during the seventeenth century with the change of the region capital, formerly in Santa Fe de Antioquia (1541), to Santiago de Arma Rionegro in 1783. Although Marinilla was only proclaimed a ‘Villa’ in 1787 taking advantage of preexisting indigenous settlements located in areas near El Peñol. The first two municipalities “only reached maturity as urban centers by the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth century” (González, 2015). Since then, they form a triangle that shared territorial interests of power, mining resources, processes of occupation, among others, and they formed a corridor that was part of the route of gold exports from the interior of the country to Spain. This situation favored the population growth through commercial routes and spatial relations with the valley of Aburrá–where the city of Medellín is located from 1675–and the Río Cauca valley, where the capital of the region Abstract. The historic center of Marinilla, a National Monument since 1959, is located 50 kilometers east from Medellin in the San Nicolas Valley. It has exceptional landscape conditions, highly productive lands, and a large percentage of the water reserve that supplies the region and the country, giving the territory an economic center character since colonial times. These physical values are part of the collective imagination as a recreation area and an opportunity for development since the 1960s, according to the construction of large national infrastructure. At the same time, it was affected by the internal armed conflict in the 1980s and 1990s, and more recently, related to the spatial dynamics of the region: unplanned urban expansion, changes in land use and vegetation cover, with great effects on the cultural landscape. In a post-conflict situation, the economic strategies of different groups have used tourism as a social-spatial management strategy to improve the territory. However, the rural identity shows spatial imbalances, not recognizing elements of historical construction whose legacies must be revealed to ensure equitable development. We propose an approach from cultural landscape in a revision of the historical, symbolic and relational transformation through five dimensions–anthropic, productive, political, symbolic and spatial–analyzing competitiveness, tourism, the real estate pressure and social management, in different scales, during three historical moments.

Marinilla´s cultural landscape and spacial characterization (Colombia)