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From early 1990 to 2009, Nigeria’s oil-rich Niger Delta region was engulfed in conflict between multinational corporations (MNCs) and restive youths (popularly called militants) over the adverse effects ofoil pollution on their environment, live and economy. To curtail the conflict, Nigerian government initiated an amnesty programme for the militants in June 2009. This paper examined the impact and limitation of the programme, and measures to avert further conflict. The study was conducted via content analysis of books, articles in journals, editorials, and in-depth interviews conducted in the Niger Delta region between December 2018 and June 2019. This paper detectedthat the amnesty programme has brought about fragile peace, but the propensity of violence resurging is high,because the prime issues that triggered the conflict remain unaddressed. To forstall further conflict, Nigerian government and the oil MNCs must eradicate environmental degradation and invest in human and community development. Should conflict such as the one discoursed in this paper occur in the future, Nigerian government may grant amnesty, but must avoid ‘paying for peace’ as such approach is unsustainable. Rather than spend to lure people away from violence, the root cause of the conflict should be addressed.

Paying for Peace: The Impact and Limitation of Amnesty for Militants and Averting Further Conflict in Niger Delta, Nigeria