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Bats (order Chiroptera) are a diverse group of mammals found on every continent of the world except the Polar Regions and a few oceanic islands. There are 1150 species of bats in the world, meaning that one in five (21 percent) mammal species is a bat. Bats are distinguished from other mammals by their evolution of true flight, as opposed to the gliding capabilities of mammals in other orders. Bats are mammals whose forelimbs have been adapted to form webbed wings, making them the only mammals naturally capable of true and sustained flight. The taxonomy of bats is currently being revised in the light of molecular phylogenetics, as they have traditionally been split into two suborders – Microchiroptera and Megachiroptera, based largely on the evolution of echo-location (ability to navigate using the reflection of sound waves). Bats are the second largest order of mammals (after the rodents), with about 1,240 bat species with the less specialized and largely fruit-eating megabats, or flying foxes, and the highly specialized and echolocating microbats which are potential reservoirs of many infectious diseases [1-9]. Noroviruses (NoVs) of the family Caliciviridae are one of the viruses being transmitted by bats. Noroviruses are small nonenveloped viruses approximately 27–35 nm in diameter with a positive-sense, single stranded RNA genome that were first discovered in human outbreak of gastroenteritis in Norwalk, Ohio, which gave the name Norwalk virus (NV) to the prototype strain of NoV, in 1968. NoV infection occurs in the small intestine although the replication may not be restricted to the enterocytes. Epidemiological studies have repeatedly shown spread of this virus in human populations, while serological prevalence of 22.1% was found in laboratory mice in North America. Norovirus infects a wide range of animals including dairy cattle in The Netherlands, veal calves in the US, In Germany and Japan as well as 4-weekold lion cub in Pistoia zoo in Italy [10-20]. The virus is infectious at very low doses and transmits rapidly by the feco-oral route via contaminated food and water, causing a severe, sporadic or more than 85% of epidemic diarrhea and vomiting in all age groups, especially during the winter. In a previous hospital based study in Lagos, the prevalence of norovirus diarrhea was 37.3%, while reported a prevalence of 25.5% in a community based study in Osun state, Nigeria [22, 32, 33]. ABSTRACT Background: Pathogenic viruses and bacteria of bat origin causes a lot of diseases that often leads to epidemics and pandemics. Fruit bats were documented reservoir of many viral infections including COVID-19. This study was designed to detect the presence of some enteric viruses of gastroenteritis as well as bacterial species from Eidolon helvum bat species in Nigeria.

Enteric Viruses and Bacterial Species from the Faecal Droppings of Bats in Selected Bat Colonies in Ondo State, Nigeria