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The etymology of the word influenza immediately connects with astronomy. Derived from Latin word influentia, meaning “to flow into” it seems to have been first used from early medieval times to describe an epidemic disease that we now recognise as influenza. It was believed to be caused by an invisible fluid that emanated from the stars causing a disease that intermittently ripped through the human population. In 1743 Italians experienced an epidemic that spread across much of Europe, and called it influenza di catarro (“flow of catarrh”). Thereafter the disease came to be known in English simply as “influenza” [1]. A viral cause of the disease was securely established only after the 1930’s, but many mysteries concerning its epidemiology, and in particular the times of occurrence of pandemics, still remain unresolved [2,3]. In this paper we explore further a possible link between an aspect of the behaviour of our local star the sun–the sunspot cycle, and the emergence of pandemic influenza.

Solar Cycle, Maunder Minimum and Pandemic Influenza