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espanolEl objetivo es analizar el comportamiento de las variables cinematicas del paso del obstaculo y la ria, su relacion con el rendimiento y la influencia del genero y la fatiga en la prueba de 3000 m obstaculos. Durante el XVII Mitin Ciudad de Mataro (clasificatorio para los JJOO de Londres-2012) se analizaron dos pruebas donde participaron 35 atletas (19 hombres y 16 mujeres) que fueron divididos en 3 grupos de nivel en funcion de su rendimiento comparado con el Record del Mundo. Las grabaciones fueron digitalizadas mediante un analisis cinematico en 2D (Kinescan-IBV). Algunas variables en el paso del obstaculo (velocidad, distancia de batida y porcentaje tiempo de vuelo) y de la ria (velocidad y perdida de velocidad en las ultimas vueltas) fueron sensibles al nivel, y otras al genero (obstaculo: velocidad y distancia de batida relativas a la velocidad de la prueba; ria: velocidad relativa a la velocidad de la prueba). Las variables que no fueron sensibles al nivel, genero y fatiga permiten establecer valores de referencia para el entrenamiento (ej. distancia de ataque ~53-55% en el obstaculo y ~35-39% en la ria). En conclusion, este es el primer estudio que analiza conjuntamente la biomecanica del paso del obstaculo y la ria en una prueba de 3000 m obstaculos, relacionando variables biomecanicas con el rendimiento y el genero. Se observo que existe una falta de amplitud en el paso del obstaculo en mujeres, y que tanto hombres como mujeres deberian mejorar su tecnica de paso de la ria EnglishThe purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic variables of both steeplechase and steeplechase water jumps, their relationship with performance, and the influence of some factors such as gender and fatigue during a 3000 m steeplechase competition. Two races of the XVII Athletics Meeting Ciudad de Mataro (National Trials for London-2012 Olympic Games) were recorded. Thirty-five athletes were analyzed (19 male and 16 female) and classified into 3 groups according to their competition performance level compared to the World Record. Images were digitalized by a 2D kinematic analysis (Kinescan-IBV). The results showed that some biomechanical variables of the steeplechase jump (steeplechase velocity, step length and percentage of flight time) and steeplechase water jump (steeplechase velocity and its decrease over the laps) were related to performance. Other variables were sensitive to the gender (steeplechase jump: steeplechase/competition velocity ratio and step length/steeplechase velocity ratio; steeplechase water jump: steeplechase/competition velocity ratio). The variables which were not related to performance, gender or fatigue allowed establishing reference values for training (e.g. takeoff distance of ~53-55% in the steeplechase jump and ~35-39% in the steeplechase water jump). In conclusion, this is the first study that simultaneously analyzed the biomechanics of both steeplechase and steeplechase water jumps during a 3000 m steeplechase competition, relating biomechanical variables to performance and gender. The comparisons with respect to previous studies indicated that the females had a short step length in the steeplechase, and that both male and female should improve their steeplechase water jump technique.

Análisis biomecánico de la competición de 3000 m obstáculos (Biomechanical analysis of the 3000 m steeplechase competition)