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A novel idea of anti-interference via solid dilution driven by spontaneous surface dispersion (SSD) is herewith first rendered for elemental analysis to determine trace cadmium in a solid sample, which is similar to the spontaneous monolayer dispersion theory originally applied to heterogeneous catalysts at the percentage level. After pre-ashing with agitation, Cd in a solid sample can be efficiently and quickly diluted via SSD on α-Al2O3 support by heating at 600-700 °C for 30-40 min, thus leading to >180-fold dilution. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) proved that the surface concentration of Cd on the α-Al2O3 support significantly increased, indicating that SSD occurred to Cd. The mechanism was thereby confirmed and then deduced. In essence, the proposed SSD is a dilution process for solid samples on the support's surface near Tammann temperature, where homogeneous monolayer or sub-monolayer coverage forms to reduce and even avoid contact of the target elements with interferent. The anti-interference effect has been completely verified via the matrix interference evaluation for Cd in a rice sample. In addition, SSD solid dilution consumes very little α-Al2O3 for solid sample analysis after ashing, and shows reliability, precision, simplicity, and is green chemistry. This SSD approach opens a novel horizon for anti-interference research in the elemental field of analytical chemistry.

A Novel Strategy of Anti-interference for Solid Dilution in Elemental Analysis Using Spontaneous Surface Dispersion Theory