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There is a growing interest for the determination of metal elements in water samples by microplasma sources. However, the performance for the direct measurement of elements using these sources is typically not satisfactory. In this study, the feasibility of using membrane desolvation (MD) sample introduction to improve the sensitivity of Ar-atmospheric pressure glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (APGD-OES) for the direct analysis of water samples is evaluated. It was observed that MD-APGD-OES provided a dramatic enhancement of the emission signals by 1-2 orders of magnitude for Li, Na, Ca and Mg over the conventional pneumatic nebulizer (PN) with spray chamber. Using the optimized operating parameters of MD with APGD resulted in limits of detection (LODs) of 0.04, 0.13, 8.7 and 4.9 μg L, for Li, Na, Ca and Mg, respectively, which is an improvement of about 36-, 15-, 18and 37-fold in comparison to PN-APGD-OES. The linearity of the calibration curves for Li, Na, Ca and Mg reached R > 0.999. The accuracy of the proposed method was verified by the analysis of certified reference materials (CRMs). This method was also successfully applied to the analysis of three real water samples, and the obtained results agreed well with those obtained by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The proposed method provides an improvement in the sensitivity of APGD, which is also promising for other microplasma sources.

atomic spectroscopy

Performance Evaluation of Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge-Optical Emission Spectrometry for the Determination of Sodium, Lithium, Calcium and Magnesium Using Membrane Desolvation