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Cryptosporidium can transport from the soil to the water resulting in the contamination of the surrounding water bodies. However, there are few pieces of research on the transport of Cryptosporidium from the slope soil to the surrounding water. The experiment simulated the transport of Cryptosporidium surrogate, carboxylate YG polystyrene, influenced by the rainfall intensity, rainfall pattern, soil type, and land slope, from the soil to water, to understand the transport of Cryptosporidium surrogate under these different conditions. The results showed that the transport of Cryptosporidium surrogate was affected by the surface runoff factors, that is, the high rainfall intensity, high rainfall frequency, steep slope and high sand content soil that resulted in the high transport of the Cryptosporidium surrogate. INTRODUCTION Cryptosporidium is a pathogenic microorganism that induces diarrhoea and vomiting (Yue & Ni 2014, Wang 1993), which has serious implications for the development of recreational water body activities and human health. In recent years, an outbreak of Cryptosporidium caused by the medium of water has been reported in countries such as the UK and the United States. After the reported cases of human infection with Cryptosporidium in 1976 (Ryan et al. 2003), more than 90 countries appeared in succession with regard to report about Cryptosporidium infection (Wu et al. 2006). In the United States, about 2 per cent of the population was tested positive for Cryptosporidium. Each year, of every 150000 patients with diarrhoea, about 30000 are caused by Cryptosporidium infection. In 1984 and 1987, the United States experienced two outbreaks of cryptosporidia, and the total number of cases was 15,000. In 1993 at Minkwakee, Wisconsin, the largest outbreak of cryptosporidia was reported with up to 400,000 people infected and it has remained to be the highest and most serious case of Cryptosporidium outbreak up to date. In 1987, the first cases of Cryptosporidium infection in humans were diagnosed in Nanjing, China. The main transmission channels of Cryptosporidium are direct contact of the skin such as swimming and diving, as well as through food and water. According to the survey, the infection rate of swimming in lakes and swimming pools is much higher than that of eating contaminated food (Zhang & Jiang 2001, Wang & Yan 2008, Wu & Li 2005). Kong et al. (2017) reported that the risk of Cryptosporidium infection in a certain lake in China was 18 cases/10,000 person. Therefore, adequately understanding the transport pathway of Cryptosporidium in lakes is of great significance to control surface water quality and maintenance of human health. This experiment simulated the different conditions of rainfall, rainfall patterns, soil types and soil slope study on the transport of Cryptosporidium surrogate from slope soil to the surface water, to reveal the interface between soil and water transportation law of Cryptosporidium and key function parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Carboxylate YG Polystyrene Microspheres Cryptosporidium is detrimental to human health, so it is diffiNat. Env. & Poll. Tech. Website: www.neptjournal.com Received: 05-06-2019 Accepted: 24-07-2019

nature, environment and pollution technology/nature, environment and pollution technology

Experimental Study on Transport of Carboxylate Polystyrene Microspheres, Using as a Cryptosporidium Oocysts Surrogate, with Runoff from the Slope Soil to the Surface Water Bodies