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Effectiveness of macroalgae was investigated for enhancing wastewater treatment processes. Bioremediation using macroalgae could remove nitrate and phosphate contaminants in the water where algae assimilate nitrogen and phosphorus and convert them to biomass. This study evaluates the effects of high nitrate concentration on the kinetics of cell growth during nitrate and phosphate removal by a macroalga Cladophora glomerata. The algal growth and nitrate removal from media containing initial nitrate concentrations of 5mg/L to 400 mg/L were monitored in batch growth, whereas control media has no additional nitrate. Light exposure was kept for 12 and 20 hours. The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of various nitrate concentrations on nitrate and phosphate removal with macroalgal growth. Maximum growth kinetic reaches μ=0.075/day in 20 hours light exposure with 100 mg/L initial nitrate concentration. Nitrate and phosphate reach about 90% removal rates on the fifth day. Nitrate concentration was not significantly affected by biomass growth (Pearson correlation: 0.295). But, phosphate concentration has a moderate correlation with macroalgae biomass (Pearson correlation: 0.533). INTRODUCTION In recent years, microalgae and macroalgae have been used in many environmental applications. Bioremediation using algal technology is believed to be a promising alternative technology. Several macroalgae have been suggested for the treatment of wastewaters with high nitrogen concentration (Cole et al. 2016, Ge & Champagne 2017). Moreover, previous studies have shown that Cladophora glomerata has significant potential of bioremediation for wastewater treatment (Whitton 1970b). Nitrogen in biogeological cycles produces compounds with different oxidation states like nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, organic nitrogen including amino acids, urea and proteins that are available to phytoplankton. Furthermore, high nitrate concentration will enhance the possibility of eutrophication. According to a study conducted by Lee et al. (2015), the nutrients with the complement of substrates greatly affected the optimization of macroalgae growth. Furthermore, if nutrient concentration is in excess in the water, macroalgal growth will be inhibited (Han et al. 2016). Recently, C. glomerata became the most prodigal algae in the water streams. Eutrophication, caused by high nutrient content, will have a high influence of C. glomerata biomass with the optimal growth conditions of 0.07 mg/L phosphorous (P), 0.6 mg/L nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) and 0.2 mg/L ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) (Whitton 1970a). Algae can use nitrate (NO3 ), nitrite (NO2 ) or ammonium (NH4 ) as a nitrogen source. Nitrate (NO3 ) is the main form of nitrogen in natural waters as well as a major nutrient for plant growth and algae (Putra & Farahdiba 2018). The main sources of nitrogen in the water are nitrate and ammonium ions. Phosphate is a form of phosphorus that can be used by plants. Phosphorus is also an essential nutrient for higher plants and algae and becomes a limiting factor for plants and algae (Selvaratnam et al. 2015). Orthophosphate (PO4 ) is an inorganic phosphorus source which is important for algal growth and can be produced by various forms of phosphorus-containing organic matter (Han et al. 2016). Macroalgal growth will also be affected by the duration of light exposure. Furthermore, among many environmental conditions, it was hypothesized that the macroalgae-bacteria system would respond to different photoperiod conditions in terms of an increase or decrease in the algal population and nitrogen concentration (Lee et al. 2015). Nat. Env. & Poll. Tech. Website: www.neptjournal.com Received: 18-07-2019 Accepted: 05-10-2019

Growth and Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus by a Macroalgae Cladophora Glomerata Under Different Nitrate Concentrations