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The effect of Bermuda grass [ Cynodon dactylon  (L.)] cover on sediment and nutrient runoff losses from untreated as well as from broiler litter (with alum)-amended soil was evaluated. Runoff generated from a completely bare soil had significantly higher runoff volumes, as well as more suspended solids (SS), total phosphorous (TP), and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) concentrations than soils with ≥80% grass coverage. In addition, bare soils exhibited less time to runoff (time span between rainfall initiation and the start of runoff) than the grass-covered treatments. Average TP and TKN concentrations in runoff from experimental trays having a 80% grass coverage were reduced by 93% and 89.5%, respectively, as compared to concentrations in bare soil runoff. Similarly, suspended solid concentration showed a reduction of 99% over that of the bare soils. Dissolved P (DP) concentration losses were well below the 1 mg/L limit suggested to control P contamination from agricultural lands, even for the broiler litter-amended soils. In general, both TP and TKN concentrations followed the trend established by suspended sediment losses. In contrast, nitrate exhibited a negative correlation with SS concentrations. Applications of broiler litter caused significant increases in the dissolved constituents (i.e., DP and N0 3 -N) concentrations in runoff but not in those constituents (i.e.,TP and TKN) for which sediment losses represent a significant transport mechanism. A significant decrease in SS concentrations was observed with time at both cover categories, with losses being much higher from the bare soils than from the grass-covered soils. Broiler litter applications caused a significant reduction in SS concentration losses at each grass cover category (although much higher losses were observed from bare soils). The combination of alum application and a good grass cover (≥80%) reduced estimates of sediment, TP, and TKN runoff export loads by more than 95% relative to that of the runoff from bare soil.

the journal of agriculture of the university of puerto rico/the journal of agriculture of the university of puerto rico

Evaluación de mejores prácticas de manejo para reducir las pérdidas de nutrientes contaminantes en escorrentía desde suelos enmendados con carnada de pollos parrilleros. II. Cobertura de hierbas.