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Aquatic ecosystems have the highest biodiversity as they support various species of organisms and provide essential environmental functions to both marine life and human society. Rapid development and urbanization contribute disturbances to both terrestrial and aquatic environment from mudflat to seabed, deep sea to coastal areas and wetlands. Health of aquatic ecosystems deteriorates when the ecosystems unbearable to the environment stressors especially from anthropogenic activities. Therefore, proper water quality management was essential for aquatic ecosystems to enhance the performances. Marine macroinvertebrates suggested to be the ideal marine bioindicators for monitoring and assessing aquatic ecosystems by providing health status information and identifying the sources of marine pollutions. This review paper discusses potential of sea cucumber as marine bioindicators in reducing heavy metals, organic loads and balancing the physiochemical parameters. The optimum physiochemical parameters for survival of sea cucumbers are water temperature of 29°C to 33°C, salinity of 28 to 33ppt, water pH of 7.5 to 8.2, water transparency of 25 to 100% and DO level of 6 to 8ppm. Researches proved that sea cucumbers had the capability to decline pollutants and excess nutrients as they can absorb nutrients and organic waste in the sediment, nutrient recycling, bioturbation and balance the water pH in the aquatic ecosystems. Hence, well-established water environment was built for survival of sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) in the preliminary study with 26.1°C to 26.8°C water temperature, 7.7 to 8.2ppm DO level, 29 to 30ppt salinity and 100% water transparency. It is believed that marine macroinvertebrates are the most ideal serve as bioindicators in assessing ecosystem health.

AQUATIC BIOINDICATOR – POTENTIAL MARINE MICROINVERTEBRATES AS BIOINDICATOR IN ASSESSING MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH