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In pregnancy, control mechanism(s) for change in regional blood flow remains inexplicable. However, the overriding are reportedly due to vasodilation, implicating primary haemodynamic alteration in vasodilatation to increase circulating blood volume and cardiac output. In this study, we investigated and compared in pregnant and non-pregnant wistar rats (using the student t-test), the effect of administration of variable doses of calcium (Ca2+) on smooth muscle contraction. Thirty five (35) Wistar rats of between 200 g – 250 g were procured, acclimatized (for two weeks) and randomly selected into seven (7) groups of five (5) rats each. Each group were fed (for 21 days), with variable doses of 200 mg/kg body weight (bw.), 250 mg/kg bw, 500 mg/kg bw, 750 mg/kg bw, 1000 mg/kg bw, 1250 mg/kg bw and 1500 mg/kg bw of calcium (Ca2+) respectively. After twenty-one (21) days of administration of test substance, the rats were sacrificed via cervical dislocation, vascular smooth muscle (from aortic blood vessels) isolated and processed in organ bath to obtain maximum contraction strengths, tension and stretch. The rings from pregnant and nonpregnant rats were dipped in normal physiological salt solution (PSS) (0.9 Molar solution of NaCl) to observe for concentration dependency. From our result, contractile responses to phenylephrine of rings from non-pregnant rats in both PSS and 0.8mM PSS were significantly increased (p < 0.05) than the corresponding responses of rings from pregnant rats. Also, exposure of rings from pregnant and non-pregnant rats to 0.8mM Ca2+ PSS solution caused a statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the contractions of the respective rings to phenylephrine. Mean EC50 values were also seen to increase significantly (p < 0.05) by exposure of the rings to 0.8mM Ca2+ PSS, with the increase being greater with respect to rings from non-pregnant rats. Further studies to corroborate the result of this findings are highly recommended.

CALCIUM DEPENDENT RESPONSES OF VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLES IN PREGNANT AND NON PREGNANT RATS