English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

This study was conducted with the aim of assessing the bacteriological and physicochemical properties of River Ela. The bacteriological analyses were done using standard microbiological methods. The physicochemical parameters were analyzed using standard procedures. The results of this study revealed that the pH was acidic (5.515.84). All physicochemical parameters investigated were far above the WHO (World Health Organization) standard thresholds exempting sulphate and nitrate. The results of the Total Heterotrophic Bacteria Count was 3.7 x 105 cfu/ml for the upstream, 11.2 x 105 cfu/ml for the midstream and 6.1 x 105 cfu/ml for the downstream. The results of the Total Coliform Count was 2.3 x 103 cfu/ml for the upstream, 4.3 x 105 cfu/ml and 2.8 x 103 cfu/ml for the downstream. These counts obtained, exceeded the WHO safe limits. The bacterial isolated were Salmonella sp. (13.33%), Citrobacter sp. (6.67%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.33%), Escherichia coli (6.67%), Pseudomonas sp. (20.00%), Bacillus sp. (20.00%) and Klebsiella sp. (20.00%) for the first batch. While for the second batch isolates were Salmonella sp. (11.11%), Pseudomonas sp. (16.67%), Bacillus sp. (16.67%), Citrobacter sp. (5.56%), Klebsiella sp. (16.67%), Staphylococcus aureus (16.67%) and Escherichia coli (16.67%). The results of the antibiotics resistance testing carried out, revealed that Bacillus and Salmonella species were resistance to Chloramphenicol while Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to Streptomycin and Pseudomonas sp. was resistant to Sparfloxacin. Findings from this study revealed that River Ela was highly contaminated physically, chemically and bacteriologically. It is therefore advisable to boil the water before consumption.

BACTERIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF RIVER ELA, EDO STATE NIGERIA: WATER QUALITY AND PERCEIVED COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS