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Systems that operate in different modes with quick transition are usually studied through discontinuous systems. We give a model of a smoothing of the transition between two vector fields along a separation line, allowing perturbations of the vector fields and of the separation line. In this model there appears a canard phenomenon in certain macroscopically indeterminate situations. This phenomenon gives a new point of view on some situations usually studied through discontinuous bifurcations. We also study the dynamics near the transition line through an associated slow-fast system and compare the slow dynamics with the classical theory, namely, sliding mode dynamics in variable structure systems and equivalent control. Le raccordement des trajectoires de deux champs de vecteurs donnés de part et d’autre d’une courbe dans le plan, est fait d’habitude à travers des champs discontinues. On donne un modèle de lissage de ce raccordement, qui fait apparaître des phénomènes canard, dans certaines situations macroscopiquement indeterminés. On utilise un champ lent-rapide associé au modèle de raccordement, pour étudier les dynamiques dans un voisinage infinitésimal de la ligne de transition et on fait un étude comparative avec la théorie classique, notamment: mouvements glissants dans les systèmes de structure variable et contrôle équivalent.

Canard solutions and bifurcations in smooth models of plane structure variable systems