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To investigate the applicability of montmorillonite to capping material for the remediation of contaminated marine sediment, adsorption characteristics of PO4 onto montmorillonite were studied in a batch system with respect to changes in contact time, initial concentration, pH, adsorbent dose amount, competing anions, adsorbent mixture, and seawater. Sorption equilibrium reached in 1 h at 50 mg/L but 3 h was required to reach sorption equilibrium at 300 mg/L. Freundlich model was more suitable to describe equilibrium sorption data than Langmuir model. The PO4 adsorption decreased as pH increased, due to the PO4 competition for favorable adsorption site with OHat higher pH. The presence of anions such as nitrate, sulfate, and bicarbonate had no significant effect on the PO4 adsorption onto the montmorillonite. The use of the montmorillonite alone was more effective for the removal of the PO4 than mixing the montmorillonite with red mud and steel slag. The PO4 adsorption capacity of the montmorillonite was higher in seawater than deionized water, resulting from the presence of calcium ion in seawater. The water tank elution experiments showed that montmorillonite capping blocked well the elution of PO4, which was not measured up to 14 days. It was concluded that the montmirillonite has a potential capping material for the removal of the PO4 from the aqueous solutions.

Application of Montmorillonite as Capping Material for Blocking of Phosphate Release from Contaminated Marine Sediment