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Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca strain CoDiRO was identified asassociated with the “Olive Quick Decline Syndrome”, a devastatingdisease first observed in October 2013 in the southeastern Apulia.At least 350 plant species belonging to 75 families are reported ashosts of X. fastidiosa. These provide a source of inoculum for thevectors (xylem sap-feeding leafhoppers), thus playing a major epidemiologicalrole and facilitating the entrenchment of the pathogenin the affected area. To investigate the CoDiRO strain host rangein Salento, monthly samplings of the native flora of two heavily infectedolive groves and of the side of adjacent roads were conductedfrom January 2014 onwards. One of the groves was grass-covered,whereas periodic tillage was performed in the other. Overall, morethan 200 species of 50 families were sampled, observed for thepresence of symptoms, photographed and identified. In the spring,Philaenus spumarius the main vector of the Salentinian X. fastidiosastrain was abundantly present on the herbaceous flora and shrubsat all sites. All samples, in pools of no less that 3 to 5 plants, weretested by DAS-ELISA and uncertain/positive results were verifiedby conventional and real time PCR. Bacterial isolates were obtainedin axenic culture from some positive species. In a two-year survey,only Euphorbia terracina proved to be Xylella-positive among theherbaceous hosts, whereas some shrubs and subshrubs i.e. Asparagusacutifolius, Cistus creticus, Myrtus communis, Phillyrea latifolia,Rhamnus alaternus and Rosmarinus officinalis were infected. Theseresults provide as strong indication that, rather than weeds, are theperennial shrubs that play a major role in the epidemiology of theX. fastidiosa in this area

SURVEY FOR THE PRESENCE OF XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA subsp. PAUCA STRAIN CoDiRO IN THE NATIVE FLORA OF THE SALENTO PENINSULA