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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has long been held to be a disorder of children and adolescents exclusively, but the persistence of symptoms into adulthood is now clearly recognised, often making it an enduring source of suffering and difficulties in various fields across the lifespan. The validity of adult ADHD as a diagnostic entity is now widely accepted and has received convincing support from recent epidemiological data and numerous genetic studies, mostly involving the dopaminergic system. After describing the core symptoms of the disorder and presenting the ICD-10 and DSM-IV-TR criteria, the article highlights the difficulties encountered in the diagnostic process, which is frequently complicated by different comorbidities, such as substance abuse or dependence, anxiety, affective and personality disorders. The pharmacological treatment is then reviewed. The use of methylphenidate, the first-line medication for treating the core symptoms of adult ADHD, is thoroughly discussed. In case of comorbidity the treatment could require other agents, mostly antidepressants, with a particular role for the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. It is finally emphasised that the appropriate ADHD management of adult patients should include a multimodal approach, which could involve, depending on every individual case, cognitive-behavioural therapy, support groups and educational interventions.

Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Therapie der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) im Erwachsenenalter