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Numerous newly-identified traces of active faults in the Himalayan foothill zone along the HFF around Chandigarh, in&#13; Pinjore Dun, along the piedmont zone of the Lower Siwalik hill front and within the Lower Tertiary hill range reveal the&#13; pattern of thrust and strike-slip faulting, striking parallel to the principal structural trend (NNW-SSE) of the orogenic&#13; belt. The active Chandigarh Fault, Pinjore Garden Fault and Barsar thrust have vertically dislocated, warped and backtilted&#13; fluvial and alluvial-fan surfaces made up of Late Pleistocene-Holocene sediments. West- and southwest-facing&#13; fault scarplets with heights ranging from 12 to 50 m along these faults suggest continued tectonic movement through&#13; Late Pleistocene to recent times. Gentle warping and backtilting of the terraces on the hanging wall sides of the faults&#13; indicate fault-bend folding. These active faults are the manifestation of north-dipping imbricated thrust faults branching&#13; out from the major fault systems like the Main Boundary Fault (MBF) and Himalayan Frontal Fault (HFF), probably&#13; merging down northward into a décollement. The Taksal Fault, striking NNW-SSE, shows prominent right-lateral movement&#13; marked by lateral offset of streams and younger Quaternary terraces and occupies a narrow deep linear valley along&#13; the fault trace. Right stepping along this fault has resulted in formation of a small pull-apart basin. Fault scarplets facing&#13; ENE and WSW are the manifestation of dip-slip movement. This fault is an example of slip-partitioning between the&#13; strike-slip and thrust faults, suggesting ongoing oblique convergence of the Indian plate and northward migration of a&#13; tectonic sliver. Slip rate along the Taksal Fault has been calculated as 2.8 mm/yr. Preliminary trench investigation at the&#13; base of the Chandigarh Fault Scarp has revealed total displacement of 3.5 m along a low angle thrust fault with variable&#13; dip of 20° to 46° due northeast, possibly the result of one large magnitude (Mw 7) prehistoric earthquake. Taking into&#13; consideration the height of the Pinjore surface (20 to 25 m), tentative age (8.9 ± 1.9 ka), displacement during one event&#13; and average angle of fault dip (25°) gives slip rate of about 6.3 ± 2 mm/yr, a rate of horizontal shortening of 5.8 ± 1.8&#13; mm/yr and recurrence of faulting of 555 ± 118 years along the Himalayan Frontal Fault

Active faults and related Late Quaternary deformation along the Northwestern Himalayan Frontal Zone, India