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Fluid geochemistry monitoring in the Azores involves the regular sampling and analysis of gas discharges from&#13; fumaroles and measurements of CO2 diffuse soil gas emissions. Main degassing areas under monitoring are associated&#13; with hydrothermal systems of active central volcanoes in S. Miguel, Terceira and Graciosa islands. Fumarole&#13; discharge analysis since 1991 show that apart from steam these gas emissions are CO2 dominated with&#13; H2S, H2, CH4 and N2 in minor amounts. Mapping of CO2 diffuse soil emissions in S. Miguel Island lead to the&#13; conclusion that some inhabited areas are located within hazard-zones. At Furnas village, inside Furnas volcano&#13; caldera, about 62% of the 896 houses are within the CO2 anomaly, 5% being in areas of moderate to high risk.&#13; At Ribeira Seca, on the north flank of Fogo volcano, few family houses were evacuated when CO2 concentrations&#13; in the air reached 8 mol%. To assess and analyse the CO2 soil flux emissions, continuous monitoring stations&#13; were installed in S. Miguel (2), Terceira and Graciosa islands. The statistical analysis of the data showed&#13; that some meteorological parameters influence the CO2 flux. The average of CO2 flux in S. Miguel stations&#13; ranges from 250 g/m2/d at Furnas volcano to 530 g/m2/d at Fogo volcano. At Terceira Island it is about 330&#13; g/m2/d and at Graciosa 4400 g/m2/d

Monitoring of fumarole discharge and CO2 soil degassing in the Azores: contribution to volcanic surveillance and public health risk assessment